你每个年龄阶段应该存多少钱How Much You Should Have Saved By Each Age

We’re going to be walking through how much money you should have saved by every decade. I will share the median net worth for someone your age, based on data from Fidelity and the Federal Reserve. So in your 20s, you’re likely graduating, you still have student debt, and your savings won’t be at their highest point. In fact, a lot of people in their 20s have a negative net worth. The median net worth of someone in their 20s is $6,998. The target you should have saved by age 30 is 1x your salary for retirement. If you make $75,000, you should have $75,000 saved across all accounts. For goals, kill off high-interest consumer debt immediately, understand your spending, and start investing.

我们将详细梳理在人生的每个十年阶段，您应该存下多少钱。我将根据富达投资和美联储的数据，与您分享同龄人的净资产中位数。所以在20多岁时，您可能刚毕业，仍背着学生债务，因此此时您的储蓄不会处于人生的最高点。事实上，许多20多岁的人甚至拥有负资产。20多岁人群的净资产中位数为6998美元。到30岁时，您的储蓄目标应是年薪的1倍。如果您年薪7万5千美元，您的各账户总存款也应达到这个数。此时的核心目标是：立刻还清高息消费债务，了解自己的支出，并开始投资。

Make sure you have at least an emergency fund stocked with 3 to 6 months of living expenses. After that, start investing through tax-advantaged accounts like your 401(k) or IRA. If you’re in your 20s with no debt and some savings, you’re ahead of most people. Now in your 30s, you’re likely hitting your career stride, starting a family, or getting married soon. Therefore, you have huge expenses coming up, such as paying for a wedding or buying a house. The median net worth of someone in their 30s is $34,691, driven up recently by rising asset prices. The amount you should have saved by age 40 is 3x your salary for retirement. For an average $62,000 income, that means saving $186,000.

请确保您至少备足了能覆盖3到6个月生活开销的应急基金。之后，开始通过具有税务优势的账户（如401(k)或IRA）进行投资。如果您在20多岁时没有负债且略有积蓄，您就已经领先于大多数人了。步入30多岁，您很可能正迎来事业的高峰期，准备组建家庭，或即将步入婚姻殿堂。因此，您将面临买房或办婚礼等巨额开销。受近期资产价格上涨的推动，30多岁人群的净资产中位数达到了34,691美元。到40岁时，您的退休储蓄目标应达到年薪的3倍。对于平均62,000美元的年收入而言，这意味着您需要存下186,000美元。

I think there are a few goals in your 30s that you should be hitting. First is saving and investing 15% to 20% of your income. Even investing just $3,000 a year into the S&P 500 will grow massively by retirement due to compound interest. Another huge goal is to be completely out of consumer debt, excluding your mortgage, by age 40. Since these are your prime earning years, you should keep your lifestyle the same while your income goes up to accelerate your net worth. You want to avoid overspending via lifestyle inflation. As the famous quote states, great offense and poor defense translate into the under accumulation of wealth. Good defense simply means spending reasonably and sticking to a budget.

我认为在30多岁时，有几个目标是您必须达成的。首先是将收入的15%到20%用于储蓄和投资。得益于复利的力量，即使每年只向标普500指数投资3000美元，到退休时也将成为一笔巨款。另一个大目标是，在40岁之前彻底还清除房贷以外的所有消费债务。由于这是您的黄金赚钱期，在收入增加的同时，您应保持原有的生活方式，以加速积累净资产。您要避免因生活方式膨胀而导致的超支。正如那句名言所说：“强大的进攻加上糟糕的防守，终会导致财富积累不足。”良好的防守，仅仅意味着合理消费并坚持预算。

Savings By Age 40s. The average net worth here gets heavily skewed upward by extremely wealthy individuals at the top, so we should focus on the median net worth. The median net worth of someone in their 40s is $126,800. If you started investing consistently in your 20s or 30s, you should be able to blow way past this number. Fidelity recommends that in your 40s, before you hit the age of 50, you should have at least 6x your salary saved for retirement. This is double the previous requirement, showing how savings targets accelerate. A major goal in your 40s is to have a specific retirement number in mind, working backward to figure out what you need by age 65.

40多岁的储蓄规划。由于平均净资产会被顶端极度富有的人群严重拉高，因此我们应把焦点放在中位数上。40多岁人群的净资产中位数是126,800美元。如果您从20多岁或30多岁起就一直坚持投资，您应该能够轻松超越这个数字。富达投资建议，在40多岁（即50岁之前），您至少应存下相当于年薪6倍的资金用于退休。这是前一个阶段要求的两倍，可见储蓄目标的加速之快。在40多岁时的一个主要目标是：心中要有一个明确的退休金额，通过倒推计算出您在65岁时究竟需要多少钱。

A good rule of thumb is that you want to try to live off of 3% to 4% of your investable assets every single year in retirement. For example, if you have a million dollars invested and withdraw 4% per year, you can safely spend $40,000 annually. This works because your investments are hopefully gaining you at least 8% on average every year. You also need to have all of your financial bases completely under control in your 40s. This means having an excellent credit score, a basic estate plan, absolutely zero consumer debt, and a concrete plan for the next 20 years. Knowing exactly what your big upcoming expenses are, such as saving for a college fund, will help you prioritize.

一个很好的经验法则是：在退休期间，尽量每年靠提取可投资资产的3%到4%来维持生活。例如，如果您有100万美元的投资，每年提取4%，那么您每年可以安全地花掉40,000美元。这一法则之所以可行，是因为您的投资有望每年平均为您带来至少8%的收益。在40多岁时，您还需要全面掌控自己的财务基础。这意味着要拥有极佳的信用评分、基础的遗产规划、绝对的零消费负债，以及一份面向未来20年的具体计划。清楚地知道即将到来的大额开支（例如存大学教育基金），将帮助您更好地确定财务优先级。

Savings By Age 50s. When you’re in your 50s, the net worth figures really start to get large. The median net worth of someone in their 50s is $292,085. By the end of your 50s, the target is having 8x your salary saved for retirement. If you make $60,000 a year,you want to have $480,000 saved up by age 60. In your 50s, your 30-year mortgage is likely coming to an end soon. Therefore, your first major goal should be prioritizing paying off your home so you can enter retirement entirely debt-free. Your second goal is to further diversify your investments, perhaps by shifting your retirement portfolio towards more conservative assets rather than riskier ones to safely protect your wealth.

50多岁的储蓄规划。步入50多岁后，净资产的数字开始变得非常可观。50多岁人群的净资产中位数为292,085美元。在50多岁结束时，目标是为退休存下年薪的8倍。如果您年入6万美元，那么到60岁时，您需要存够48万美元。在50多岁时，您30年的房贷很可能马上就要还清了。因此，您的首要大目标应该是优先还清房贷，以便无债一身轻地步入退休生活。您的第二个目标是进一步多元化投资，例如将退休投资组合转向更保守的资产，而不是高风险资产，以此来安全地保护您的财富。

A third crucial goal in your 50s is to know exactly how much you want to spend in retirement every single year. Your kids are likely going to be out of the house soon, which gives you a much better sense of your actual monthly and yearly expenses. Fidelity has a helpful 80% rule that serves as a great guideline for your future budget. This rule states that whatever you’re making on an annual basis right now, you should plan to spend around 80% of that in retirement. So if your current salary is $100,000, plan to spend $80,000 annually. For most people, sticking between the 55% to 80% range is ideal. Obviously, this is lifestyle-dependent, but it’s still an excellent baseline to help you prepare.

在50多岁时，第三个关键目标是确切知道自己在退休后每年要花多少钱。您的孩子们很可能很快就要离家独立了，这让您能更清楚地掌握自己每月和每年的实际开销。富达投资有一个实用的“80%法则”，它是您未来财务预算的绝佳指南。该法则指出：无论您目前的年收入是多少，都应计划在退休后每年花掉大约该收入的80%。因此，如果您的当前年薪是10万美元，计划每年开销就是8万美元。对大多数人而言，将比例控制在55%到80%之间是最理想的。显然这取决于个人的生活方式，但它仍是助您筹备的一个极好基准。

Savings By Age 60s. The median net worth of someone in their 60s, or right at retirement age, is $454,489. At this stage, you should aim to have at least 10x your salary saved for retirement. The average income of somebody in America at age 60 is roughly $63,500, meaning you should have at least $635,000 saved up by age 67. If you’re going for the $1 million milestone at retirement, you’ll need a minimum of 15 times the national average salary. A primary goal at age 60 is to have your house completely paid off. It’s self-explanatory, but entering your 60s with a mortgage isn’t the best financial position. You really want to focus entirely on enjoying your retirement.

60多岁的储蓄规划。60多岁或刚刚达到退休年龄的人群，其净资产中位数为454,489美元。在这个阶段，您的目标应该是存下至少相当于年薪10倍的退休金。在美国，60岁人群的平均收入约为63,500美元，这意味着在67岁前您至少应存下635,000美元。如果您追求在退休时达到100万美元的里程碑，您至少需要存够全国平均薪资的15倍。60岁时的一个主要目标是完全还清房贷。这不言自明，因为背着房贷步入60多岁并非最佳的财务状况。您真正需要的是将全部精力放在享受退休生活上。

Another huge goal in your 60s is to ensure you have a formal estate plan firmly in place. The major components of a good estate plan are the living will and the healthcare power of attorney. At a minimum, you absolutely need these documents to state your medical preferences clearly in case something were to happen. It provides lasting peace of mind. Finally, you must have a complete understanding of your retirement finances. There’s no more guessing about how much money you’re going to need. You know exactly how much you have, how close you are to your targets, and how long it will last. By following these steps, you’ll have a solid financial foundation to enjoy your golden years comfortably.

60多岁时的另一个大目标是确保您拥有一份正式且完善的遗产规划。一份优秀的遗产规划主要包括生前遗嘱和医疗保健授权书。最起码，您绝对需要这些文件来清晰地表达您的医疗意愿，以防万一。这将为您带来持久的心灵安宁。最后，您必须对自己的退休财务状况了如指掌。您不需要再靠猜测来估计需要多少钱了。您确切地知道自己有多少钱，离目标有多近，以及这些钱能花多久。通过遵循这些步骤，您将拥有坚实的财务基础，从而舒适地安度晚年。